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Project 4: Serverless Applications

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In this project, we will explore how to use Terraform to deploy serverless applications. Serverless computing allows you to build and run applications without managing the underlying infrastructure. This project will focus on deploying a simple serverless application using AWS Lambda and API Gateway.

Objectives

  • Understand the basics of serverless architecture.
  • Learn how to use Terraform to deploy AWS Lambda functions.
  • Configure API Gateway to trigger Lambda functions.
  • Manage serverless application resources using Terraform.

Prerequisites

  • Basic understanding of Terraform and AWS.
  • AWS account with necessary permissions to create Lambda functions and API Gateway resources.
  • Terraform installed on your local machine.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Setting Up the Project Directory

Create a new directory for your project and navigate into it:

mkdir terraform-serverless
cd terraform-serverless

Step 2: Writing the Terraform Configuration

2.1. Providers Configuration

Create a file named main.tf and add the following code to configure the AWS provider:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

2.2. Lambda Function

Create a file named lambda_function.py with the following content:

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    return {
        'statusCode': 200,
        'body': 'Hello from Lambda!'
    }

Next, create a file named lambda.tf to define the Lambda function:

resource "aws_lambda_function" "hello_world" {
  filename         = "lambda_function.zip"
  function_name    = "hello_world_function"
  role             = aws_iam_role.lambda_exec.arn
  handler          = "lambda_function.lambda_handler"
  runtime          = "python3.8"
  source_code_hash = filebase64sha256("lambda_function.zip")
}

resource "aws_iam_role" "lambda_exec" {
  name = "lambda_exec_role"

  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [
      {
        Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
        Effect = "Allow"
        Principal = {
          Service = "lambda.amazonaws.com"
        }
      },
    ]
  })
}

resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "lambda_exec_policy" {
  role       = aws_iam_role.lambda_exec.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole"
}

2.3. API Gateway

Add the following code to api_gateway.tf to define the API Gateway:

resource "aws_api_gateway_rest_api" "api" {
  name        = "serverless_api"
  description = "API Gateway for serverless application"
}

resource "aws_api_gateway_resource" "resource" {
  rest_api_id = aws_api_gateway_rest_api.api.id
  parent_id   = aws_api_gateway_rest_api.api.root_resource_id
  path_part   = "hello"
}

resource "aws_api_gateway_method" "method" {
  rest_api_id   = aws_api_gateway_rest_api.api.id
  resource_id   = aws_api_gateway_resource.resource.id
  http_method   = "GET"
  authorization = "NONE"
}

resource "aws_api_gateway_integration" "integration" {
  rest_api_id = aws_api_gateway_rest_api.api.id
  resource_id = aws_api_gateway_resource.resource.id
  http_method = aws_api_gateway_method.method.http_method
  type        = "AWS_PROXY"
  integration_http_method = "POST"
  uri         = aws_lambda_function.hello_world.invoke_arn
}

resource "aws_lambda_permission" "api_gateway" {
  statement_id  = "AllowAPIGatewayInvoke"
  action        = "lambda:InvokeFunction"
  function_name = aws_lambda_function.hello_world.function_name
  principal     = "apigateway.amazonaws.com"
  source_arn    = "${aws_api_gateway_rest_api.api.execution_arn}/*/*"
}

Step 3: Packaging the Lambda Function

Before deploying, we need to package the Lambda function code:

zip lambda_function.zip lambda_function.py

Step 4: Initializing and Applying Terraform Configuration

Initialize the Terraform configuration:

terraform init

Apply the Terraform configuration:

terraform apply

Step 5: Testing the Serverless Application

After the deployment is complete, you can test the serverless application by accessing the API Gateway endpoint. The URL will be displayed in the Terraform output.

Step 6: Cleaning Up

To clean up the resources created by this project, run:

terraform destroy

Summary

In this project, we learned how to deploy a serverless application using Terraform. We covered the following key concepts:

  • Configuring AWS Lambda functions with Terraform.
  • Setting up API Gateway to trigger Lambda functions.
  • Managing serverless application resources using Terraform.

By completing this project, you should now have a solid understanding of how to use Terraform to manage serverless applications on AWS. This knowledge can be extended to more complex serverless architectures and other cloud providers.

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