In this section, we will cover the fundamental syntax of C++ programming, which is essential for developing in Unreal Engine. Understanding these basics will help you write efficient and effective code.

1. Basic Structure of a C++ Program
2. Data Types and Variables
3. Operators
4. Control Structures
5. Functions
6. Comments

A simple C++ program consists of the following components:

• Headers: Include necessary libraries.
• Main Function: Entry point of the program.
• Statements: Instructions to be executed.

• #include <iostream>: Includes the standard input-output stream library.
• int main() { ... }: Main function where the program execution begins.
• std::cout << "Hello, Unreal Engine!" << std::endl;: Outputs text to the console.
• return 0;: Ends the main function and returns 0 to the operating system.

C++ supports various data types, including:

• int: Integer type.
• float: Floating-point type.
• double: Double-precision floating-point type.
• char: Character type.
• bool: Boolean type.

• int age = 25;: Declares an integer variable age and initializes it to 25.
• float height = 5.9f;: Declares a float variable height and initializes it to 5.9.
• double weight = 70.5;: Declares a double variable weight and initializes it to 70.5.
• char grade = 'A';: Declares a char variable grade and initializes it to 'A'.
• bool isStudent = true;: Declares a boolean variable isStudent and initializes it to true.

C++ provides various operators for performing operations on variables:

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational Operators: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

• int sum = a + b;: Adds a and b and stores the result in sum.
• bool isEqual = (a == b);: Checks if a is equal to b.
• bool result = (a < b) && (b > 15);: Checks if a is less than b and b is greater than 15.
• a += 5;: Adds 5 to a.

Control structures allow you to control the flow of the program:

• if-else: Conditional statements.
• for: Loop with a counter.
• while: Loop with a condition.
• do-while: Loop with a condition checked after the loop body.

• if-else: Checks if num is greater than 0 and prints the appropriate message.
• for: Loops from 0 to 4 and prints the value of i.
• while: Loops while count is less than 3 and prints the value of count.
• do-while: Executes the loop body at least once.

Functions allow you to encapsulate code into reusable blocks.

• void greet() { ... }: Defines a function greet that prints a message.
• int add(int a, int b) { ... }: Defines a function add that takes two integers and returns their sum.
• greet();: Calls the greet function.
• int result = add(5, 3);: Calls the add function with arguments 5 and 3, and stores the result in result.

Comments are used to explain code and are ignored by the compiler.

• Single-line comments: Start with //.
• Multi-line comments: Enclosed between /* and */.

Write a C++ program that:

1. Declares two integer variables and initializes them.
2. Checks if the first variable is greater than the second and prints a message.
3. Uses a loop to print numbers from 1 to 5.
4. Defines a function that takes two integers and returns their product.
5. Calls the function and prints the result.

• int multiply(int a, int b) { ... }: Defines a function multiply that returns the product of two integers.
• if (x > y) { ... }: Checks if x is greater than y and prints the appropriate message.
• for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { ... }: Loops from 1 to 5 and prints the value of i.
• int product = multiply(x, y);: Calls the multiply function with x and y and stores the result in product.

In this section, we covered the basic syntax of C++ programming, including the structure of a C++ program, data types, operators, control structures, functions, and comments. These fundamentals are crucial for developing in Unreal Engine using C++. In the next section, we will delve into creating C++ classes, which are essential for object-oriented programming in Unreal Engine.