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In this section, we will explore how to write tests using Playwright with TypeScript. TypeScript is a powerful language that adds static typing to JavaScript, which can help catch errors early and improve code quality. By combining TypeScript with Playwright, you can write robust and maintainable test scripts.

Key Concepts

TypeScript Basics for Testing:
- Understanding TypeScript's role in enhancing JavaScript with types.
- Benefits of using TypeScript in test automation.
Setting Up TypeScript for Playwright:
- Configuring TypeScript in a Playwright project.
- Using tsconfig.json to manage TypeScript settings.
Writing a Simple Test:
- Creating a basic test script using TypeScript.
- Running the test and interpreting results.
TypeScript Features in Tests:
- Utilizing interfaces and types to define test data structures.
- Leveraging TypeScript's type inference and type checking.

Setting Up TypeScript for Playwright

Before writing tests, ensure your development environment is set up to use TypeScript with Playwright.

Step-by-Step Setup

Install TypeScript:
```
npm install typescript --save-dev
```
Install Playwright:
```
npm install playwright --save-dev
```

Create a tsconfig.json: This file configures TypeScript options for your project.

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ESNext",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
  },
  "include": ["tests/**/*.ts"]
}

Writing a Simple Test

Let's write a simple test script using TypeScript and Playwright.

Example Test Script

import { chromium, Browser, Page } from 'playwright';

async function runTest() {
  const browser: Browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page: Page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.goto('https://example.com');
  
  const title = await page.title();
  console.log(`Page title: ${title}`);
  
  await browser.close();
}

runTest().catch(error => console.error(error));

Explanation

Importing Playwright: We import necessary modules from Playwright, such as chromium, Browser, and Page.
Launching the Browser: We use chromium.launch() to start a new browser instance.
Opening a New Page: browser.newPage() creates a new page in the browser.
Navigating to a URL: page.goto('https://example.com') navigates to the specified URL.
Fetching the Page Title: page.title() retrieves the title of the page.
Closing the Browser: browser.close() closes the browser instance.

TypeScript Features in Tests

Using Interfaces and Types

TypeScript allows you to define interfaces and types to ensure your test data is structured correctly.

interface TestConfig {
  url: string;
  expectedTitle: string;
}

const config: TestConfig = {
  url: 'https://example.com',
  expectedTitle: 'Example Domain'
};

Leveraging Type Inference

TypeScript can infer types, reducing the need for explicit type annotations.

const browser = await chromium.launch(); // TypeScript infers the type as Browser

Practical Exercise

Exercise: Write a Test with TypeScript

Objective: Write a test script that navigates to a website and verifies the page title.
Steps:
- Set up a new TypeScript project with Playwright.
- Write a test script that opens a browser, navigates to https://example.com, and checks if the title is "Example Domain".
- Use TypeScript interfaces to define the test configuration.

Solution

import { chromium, Browser, Page } from 'playwright';

interface TestConfig {
  url: string;
  expectedTitle: string;
}

const config: TestConfig = {
  url: 'https://example.com',
  expectedTitle: 'Example Domain'
};

async function runTest() {
  const browser: Browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page: Page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.goto(config.url);
  
  const title = await page.title();
  if (title === config.expectedTitle) {
    console.log('Test passed!');
  } else {
    console.log('Test failed!');
  }
  
  await browser.close();
}

runTest().catch(error => console.error(error));

Common Mistakes and Tips

Mistake: Forgetting to close the browser. Always ensure browser.close() is called to free up resources.
Tip: Use TypeScript's strict mode to catch potential errors early.

Conclusion

In this section, you learned how to write tests using Playwright with TypeScript. We covered setting up TypeScript, writing a simple test, and using TypeScript features to enhance your test scripts. With these skills, you're now ready to explore more advanced testing scenarios in the next module.

Writing Tests in TypeScript

Key Concepts

Setting Up TypeScript for Playwright

Step-by-Step Setup

Writing a Simple Test

Example Test Script

Explanation

TypeScript Features in Tests

Using Interfaces and Types

Leveraging Type Inference

Practical Exercise

Exercise: Write a Test with TypeScript

Solution

Common Mistakes and Tips

Conclusion

Playwright with TypeScript: From Beginner to Advanced

Module 1: Introduction to Playwright and TypeScript

Module 2: Getting Started with Playwright

Module 3: Playwright and TypeScript Basics

Module 4: Advanced Playwright Features

Module 5: Test Automation Strategies

Module 6: Advanced TypeScript Techniques

Module 7: Real-World Playwright Applications

Module 8: Course Conclusion and Next Steps