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Dynamic Routing

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Dynamic routing in Vue Router allows you to create routes that can match patterns and extract parameters from the URL. This is particularly useful for applications that need to handle a variety of similar routes, such as user profiles, product pages, or any other resource that can be identified by a unique identifier.

Key Concepts

  1. Dynamic Segments: These are parts of the URL that can change and are represented by a colon (:) followed by a parameter name.
  2. Route Parameters: These are the values extracted from the dynamic segments of the URL.
  3. Accessing Route Parameters: You can access these parameters in your component to fetch data or perform other actions.

Setting Up Dynamic Routes

Defining Dynamic Routes

To define a dynamic route, you use a colon (:) followed by the parameter name in the path. For example, to create a route for user profiles, you might define a route like this:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/user/:id',
    component: UserProfile
  }
];

In this example, :id is a dynamic segment that will match any value in that position of the URL.

Accessing Route Parameters

Once you have defined a dynamic route, you can access the route parameters in your component using the $route object. Here’s how you can do it:

export default {
  name: 'UserProfile',
  computed: {
    userId() {
      return this.$route.params.id;
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchUserData();
  },
  methods: {
    fetchUserData() {
      const userId = this.userId;
      // Fetch user data using the userId
    }
  }
};

In this example, this.$route.params.id gives you access to the id parameter from the URL.

Practical Example

Let's create a simple example to demonstrate dynamic routing. We will create a user profile page that displays user information based on the user ID in the URL.

Step 1: Define the Route

First, define the dynamic route in your router configuration:

import Vue from 'vue';
import Router from 'vue-router';
import UserProfile from './components/UserProfile.vue';

Vue.use(Router);

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/user/:id',
    component: UserProfile
  }
];

const router = new Router({
  routes
});

export default router;

Step 2: Create the UserProfile Component

Next, create the UserProfile component that will display the user information:

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>User Profile</h1>
    <p>User ID: {{ userId }}</p>
    <!-- Display other user information here -->
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'UserProfile',
  computed: {
    userId() {
      return this.$route.params.id;
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchUserData();
  },
  methods: {
    fetchUserData() {
      const userId = this.userId;
      // Fetch user data using the userId
      console.log(`Fetching data for user ID: ${userId}`);
    }
  }
};
</script>

Step 3: Test the Dynamic Route

Now, navigate to a URL like /user/123 in your application. You should see the user ID displayed on the profile page, and the fetchUserData method should log the user ID to the console.

Exercises

Exercise 1: Create a Product Page

  1. Define a dynamic route for a product page with the path /product/:productId.
  2. Create a ProductPage component that displays the product ID from the URL.
  3. Access the product ID in the component and log it to the console.

Solution:

// router.js
import Vue from 'vue';
import Router from 'vue-router';
import ProductPage from './components/ProductPage.vue';

Vue.use(Router);

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/product/:productId',
    component: ProductPage
  }
];

const router = new Router({
  routes
});

export default router;
<!-- ProductPage.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <h1>Product Page</h1>
    <p>Product ID: {{ productId }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'ProductPage',
  computed: {
    productId() {
      return this.$route.params.productId;
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchProductData();
  },
  methods: {
    fetchProductData() {
      const productId = this.productId;
      console.log(`Fetching data for product ID: ${productId}`);
    }
  }
};
</script>

Common Mistakes and Tips

  • Mistake: Forgetting to define the dynamic segment in the route path.

    • Tip: Always use a colon (:) followed by the parameter name to define a dynamic segment.

  • Mistake: Trying to access route parameters before the component is created.

    • Tip: Use lifecycle hooks like created or mounted to access route parameters after the component is initialized.

Conclusion

Dynamic routing is a powerful feature in Vue Router that allows you to create flexible and dynamic routes. By using dynamic segments and accessing route parameters, you can build applications that respond to a variety of URL patterns. In the next section, we will explore nested routes and how to create more complex routing structures.

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