In this section, we will reinforce the concepts learned in Module 2: Communication Protocols. The exercises will cover various types of protocols, including data link, network, transport, and application protocols. Each exercise is designed to test your understanding and provide practical experience with these protocols.

Given the following descriptions, identify the type of protocol (Data Link, Network, Transport, or Application):

1. Description: This protocol is responsible for error detection and correction in data frames.
2. Description: This protocol routes packets across different networks.
3. Description: This protocol ensures reliable data transfer between two devices.
4. Description: This protocol is used for sending emails.

1. Data Link Protocol (e.g., Ethernet, PPP)
2. Network Protocol (e.g., IP)
3. Transport Protocol (e.g., TCP)
4. Application Protocol (e.g., SMTP)

Match the following protocols to their respective layers in the OSI model:

Explain the steps involved in a TCP three-way handshake. Why is this process important?

The TCP three-way handshake involves the following steps:

1. SYN: The client sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the server to initiate a connection.
2. SYN-ACK: The server responds with a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledge) packet to acknowledge the client's request.
3. ACK: The client sends an ACK (acknowledge) packet back to the server to confirm the connection.

This process is important because it establishes a reliable connection between the client and server, ensuring that both parties are ready to communicate and that the connection parameters are agreed upon.

Write a basic configuration for setting up an IP address on a network interface using a command-line interface (CLI). Assume the interface is eth0, the IP address is 192.168.1.10, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

• sudo ifconfig eth0 down: This command brings the network interface eth0 down.
• sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0: This command assigns the IP address 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 to the interface eth0.
• sudo ifconfig eth0 up: This command brings the network interface eth0 up.

Using a packet analyzer tool (e.g., Wireshark), capture and analyze a packet of an HTTP request. Identify the following details:

• Source IP address
• Destination IP address
• Source port
• Destination port
• HTTP method used

1. Source IP address: The IP address of the device sending the HTTP request.
2. Destination IP address: The IP address of the web server receiving the HTTP request.
3. Source port: The port number used by the client (usually a random high-numbered port).
4. Destination port: The port number used by the server (usually port 80 for HTTP).
5. HTTP method used: The method used in the HTTP request (e.g., GET, POST).

• Source IP address: 192.168.1.5
• Destination IP address: 93.184.216.34
• Source port: 54321
• Destination port: 80
• HTTP method used: GET

In this section, we practiced identifying and configuring various communication protocols, understanding the TCP handshake, and analyzing network packets. These exercises are designed to solidify your understanding of communication protocols and prepare you for more advanced networking concepts. Continue practicing with real-world scenarios and tools like Wireshark to enhance your skills further.